Gable JE, Lee GM, Acker TM, Hulce KR, Gonzalez ER, Schweigler P, et al. EBV has been suggested as a major risk factor for the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Serum and Tissue Level of TLR9 in EBV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer. Functional domains of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen EBNA-1. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.14540, 73. (2014) 46:866–71. EBV, also known as human gammaherpesvirus 4, is a double-stranded DNA virus with a 170–180 kb genome that encodes nearly 100 genes for either latent or lytic infection of host cells. Found insideThis book presents, in a stepwise and interactive fashion, approximately 75 cases that reflect the wide spectrum of pathology encountered in this region. Each case description commences with a concise clinical scenario. The malignancies associated with EBV develop years postinfection, suggesting that they represent some form of . Tests that examine the nose, throat, and nearby . Most people carry EBV and it does them no harm. Subsequently, the tumor is treated with antiviral drugs [e.g., ganciclovir (GCV), acyclovir (ACV)] that are non-toxic unless converted from prodrugs to active drugs by a sequence of phosphorylation reactions. In (2005) 79:12280–5. Lassoued S, Gargouri B, El Feki Ael F, Attia H, van Pelt J. (2014) 50:330–8. Wille CK, Nawandar DM, Panfil AR, Ko MM, Hagemeier SR, Kenney SC. doi: 10.1002/cam4.2429, 131. 2009 Nov;15(11):982-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.03033.x. ACS Chem Biol. Accumulation of driver events including activation of telomerase activity and inactivation of tumour suppressor genes. J Clin Oncol. Xu M, Yao Y, Chen H, Zhang S, Cao SM, Zhang Z, et al. Early events in lupus humoral autoimmunity suggest initiation through molecular mimicry. Yip KW, Li A, Li JH, Shi W, Chia MC, Rashid SA, et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy worldwide, but it is endemic in a few areas including Southern China, Southeast Asia, North Africa and the Arctic. The pathological roles of BART miRNAs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. GAr (amino acids 90–325) is located near the N-terminal of EBNA1. Chemotherapy induces lytic EBV replication and confers ganciclovir susceptibility to EBV-positive epithelial cell tumors. In…, MeSH EBV infection in NPC is clonal in origin, strongly suggesting that NPC develops from the clonal expansion of a single EBV-infected cell. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:122-123. Most people are infected with EBV at some point in their lives. Morales-Sánchez A, Fuentes-Panana EM. The role of the EBV-encoded latent membrane proteins LMP1 and LMP2 in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). EBV-encoded RNA via TLR3 induces inflammation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Cancer. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is rare in most populations around the world but common in southern China and Southeast Asia. Regulation of the latent-lytic switch in Epstein-Barr virus. 1 Six years later, in 1970, EBV DNA was detected in tissues from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). doi: 10.1128/JVI.01790-12, 94. To the best of our knowledge, ZRL5P4 represents the first specific agent to disrupt the EBNA1 protein and to potently reactivate EBV from latency, leading to tumor cell lysis and/or induction of viral proteins that presumably can be targeted by immune cells and antiviral agents to eliminate EBV-infected tumor cells. Smoking, alcohol, and some workplace exposures may also increase the risk of this cancer. -. doi: 10.1002/cmdc.201500526, 69. Bookshelf (2014) 22:371–7. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) shows great varia- tions between different ethnic populations ( 1). In view of the chromatin-like structure of the EBV episome, the therapeutic potential of various classes of HDACi have been studied, aiming to reactivate the silenced EBV IE genes in the EBV-associated malignancies (4). This dissertation, "Epstein-barr Virus (EBV) Infection and STAT3 Activation in Nasopharyngeal Epithelial Cells" by Guitao, Zhang, 张贵焘, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to ... Next-generation sequencing-based studies have recently revealed that certain prevalent EBV strains are associated with an increased risk of NPC in Southern Chinese (8, 9). (2016) 107:1373–9. Indeed, consumption of preserved foods, tobacco smoking, exposure to Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and . In NPC, persistent EBV infection in a genetically aberrant epithelial cell and clonal expansion of infected cells are postulated to initiate tumorigenic transformation. Oncotarget. Nat Biomed Eng. Nevertheless, the success of these EBNA1-specific gene therapeutic approaches is dependent on the efficiency of delivery of these vectors to the cancer cells. Essential role of PKCdelta in histone deacetylase inhibitor-induced Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Signs of nasopharyngeal cancer include trouble breathing, speaking, or hearing. doi: 10.1128/JVI.64.5.2369-2379.1990. A Systematic Review of Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) Gene Variants in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Indeed, it was suggested that the N-terminal UR1 domain in EBNA1 is the second dimerization site, via the coordination of Zn2+, beside the DBD (50). Moreover, the baculovirus-infected NPC cells caused significant tumor-growth retardation in nude mice. Introduction. doi: 10.1089/hum.2016.136. Bortezomib and SAHA synergistically induce ROS-driven caspase-dependent apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and block replication of Epstein-Barr virus. Cancer cells harboring EBV in latent infection are induced to undergo reactivation by different chemical inducers [e.g., histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), DNA-damaging agents (gemcitabine)]. January 11, 1996. J Biol Chem. Unfortunately, a study on the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of EBV-specific transcriptionally targeted adenoviruses revealed that the vectors were mainly sequestered in the liver, limiting their potential clinical application. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is ubiquitous worldwide and is associated with multiple cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208357, 29. As TPA is a classical tumor-promoting agent and can cause skin carcinogenesis (129), it is intrinsically unsuitable as a clinical drug. Focus on nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Introduction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Finally, the high expression of multiple immunogenic viral lytic antigens during EBV lytic reactivation is expected to raise potent immune responses during cytolytic therapy. (20), both EBV latent gene products (e.g., EBERs and LMP1) and homogeneous lengths of TR repeats were detected in NPC and precancerous lesions, suggesting that the clonal latent EBV infection is a crucial event in the initiation of this virus-associated cancer (20). Upon binding to the target mRNA sequence, the DNAzyme can mediate the cleavage of RNA molecules at purine:pyrimidine junctions (86). In regions where NPC is endemic, undifferentiated subtypes constitute most cases and are invariably associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, whereas the differentiated subtype is more common in other parts of the world. Nasopharyngeal cancer is a rare type of head and neck cancer.It starts in the upper part of your throat, behind the nose. doi: 10.1128/JVI.66.8.5030-5039.1992, 99. doi: 10.1007/s11262-014-1101-9, 52. (2014) 26:60–8. In addition to BZLF1, another immediate-early (IE) lytic gene, BRLF1, can also trigger EBV reactivation. The biological properties of different Epstein-Barr virus strains explain their association with various types of cancers. Previous studies indicated that nascent GAr has the capacity to suppress the translation of its own mRNA in cis (58). The homodimerization of EBNA1 is known to be critical for EBNA1 to carry out all its major functions, such as viral DNA replication, segregation and maintenance of the EBV genome, and transcriptional activation/repression. doi: 10.1002/ijc.10689, 23. Tsao SW, Tsang CM, To KF, Lo KW. This investigation aims to study the effect of curcumin on the proliferation, cycle arrest, and apoptosis of Epstein-Barr virus- (EBV-) positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. This is evidenced by the fact that all episomal EBV genomes within NPC cells contain the same number of terminal repeats (TRs), which can only result from latent replication of EBV from one progenitor cell. The general structure of a DNAzyme consists of a catalytic domain of 15 deoxyribonucleotides, flanked by two substrate-recognition domains, each containing seven to nine deoxyribonucleotides. 'This book covers all the necessary aspects of our knowledge on nasopharyngeal carcinoma, from anatomy, histopathology, epidemiology, experimental studies, clinical manifestations, clinical and laboratory diagnostic methods to the latest ... (2010) 188:623–34. Introduction. doi: 10.1038/onc.2008.75, 30. Thus, the ability of EBV to switch from latent to lytic infection is largely determined by the presence of cellular transcriptional activators that stimulate Zp or Rp, and the inactivation of cellular transcriptional repressors that simultaneously suppress Zp or Rp (92). doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.095, 48. (2016) 11:862–9. PLoS ONE. Bethesda, MD 20894, Help To the Editor: The thought-provoking results of Pathmanathan et . Males are more commonly affected, with a male to female ratio of 3:1. doi: 10.1016/S1535-6108(04)00119-9, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, 2. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, editors. The results from these studies suggested that disruption of Zn2+ coordination might be an approach to prevent the oligomerization and the subsequent functions of EBNA1. have shown that EBNA1-driven BRLF1 expression induces EBV reactivation in C666-1 cells (85). Furthermore, ZRL5P4 can disrupt transactivation and induce EBV reactivation more potently than L2P4, suggesting that EBNA1 oligomers are more important than the dimer in some of EBNA1's functions (75). This book is a comprehensive treatise of the potential risk factors associated with NPC development, the tools employed in the diagnosis and detection of NPC, the concepts behind NPC patients who develop neuro-endocrine abnormalities and ... doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-22822-8_14, 8. In LR1, the domain ATH1 (amino acids 40–54) resembles the AT-hook of high mobility group A (HMGA) protein (55). The adoption of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) combined with conformal radiotherapy, which improves the diametric properties and reduces the toxicity of irradiative treatment, further significantly improves the locoregional control of NPC and the overall survival rate of patients (2, 11). Lu ZX, Ye M, Yan GR, Li Q, Tang M, Lee LM, et al. (2006) 6:38–51. The above studies have identified the clinically available iron chelators as a novel class of lytic inducer for potential cytolytic therapy. Figure 3. The detection of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen and viral DNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma has revealed that EBV can infect epithelial cells and is associated with their malignant transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. Structural and functional basis for an EBNA1 hexameric ring in Epstein-Barr virus episome maintenance. (2009) 83:1289–98. Jiang L, Lan R, Huang T, Chan CF, Li H, Lear S, et al. Cancer Cell. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. Circulating cancer-derived EBV-DNA in plasma is an established tumor marker for nasopharyngeal cancer, with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 93%. In EBV-infected gastric cell lines, they showed that TPA activates PKC and MAPK signaling to mediate the increased binding of NF-κB and AP-1 to the BZLF1 promoter for inducing EBV reactivation (126). doi: 10.1128/JVI.02794-15, 96. 2006;11:2672–2713. Chem Biol Interact. During the latent phase of infection, the viral genome remains episomal and expresses a group of latent genes (>10) for modulating various cellular mechanisms and exploiting host DNA polymerases for DNA replication. doi: 10.1038/nbt1272, 123. The specific EBNA1-driven p53 expression retarded cell growth and induced apoptosis. doi: 10.1128/JVI.65.3.1466-1478.1991, 63. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29698, 107. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry analysis. Found inside – Page iiThe viruses are now known to contain a single positive strand of RNA. About 50% of corona virus infections result in clinical illness. About 5% of common colds are caused by strain DC 43 in winter. Here, we review the approaches that have been examined for the disruption of EBNA1 functions and the feasibility of targeting EBNA1 for treatment EBV-associated diseases (Figure 2, Table 1). -, Thorley-Lawson DA. Although HDACi treatments are effective in triggering EBV reactivation in particular cell line models, their broad efficacy in cell line models remains in doubt, as varied ability of HDACis to trigger EBV reactivation in different cell lines has been highlighted recently (121). eCollection 2021. (2018) 77:16–21. Epstein-Barr virus microRNA miR-BART20-5p suppresses lytic induction by inhibiting BAD-mediated caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Functional regions in EBNA1. Nucleolin directly mediates Epstein-Barr virus immune evasion through binding to G-quadruplexes of EBNA1 mRNA. In addition to perturbing the functions of the EBNA1 dimer, interfering the formation of EBNA1 oligomers is another potential approach for disturbing EBV latency. Novel cationic bis(acylhydrazones) as modulators of Epstein-Barr virus immune evasion acting through disruption of interaction between nucleolin and G-quadruplexes of EBNA1 mRNA. HL, K-LW, and NM were supported by the Hong Kong Baptist University (RC-IRMS/16-17/CHE, RC-ICRS/16-17/02A-BOL, RC-IRMS/16-17/01, and MPCF-002-2018/19) and Hong Kong Research Grants Council (HKBU 20301615 and 12300117, the NPC Area of Excellence, AoE/M 06/08 Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, and Research Grants Council Collaborative Research Fund Scheme C4001-18GF). But scientists have found that it's linked with certain diets, infections, and inherited characteristics. (2013) 87:935–50. The resulting P4 (YFMVF-GG-RrRK) can occupy the first EBNA1 dimerization interface within the DNA-binding domain DBD (48, 49). Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. (2019) 11:E1871. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma accounts for ~70% of all primary malignancies of the nasopharynx, and although rare in western populations, it is one of the most common malignancies encountered in Asia, especially China 1,3-5. Modelling the structure of full-length Epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen 1. Proteasome inhibitors trigger autophagy and ER stress which induce EBV reactivation via activating JNK and C/EBPβ. By using the same in-vitro model, we found that the EBV miRNA BART7 increases the sensitivity of the HONE1 cells to ionizing radiation in a dose-dependent manner. This is confirmed with the in-vivo experiments using the zebra fish model. Oncotarget. Careers. Lung RW, Hau PM, Yu KH, Yip KY, Tong JH, Chak WP, et al. doi: 10.1038/mt.sj.6300119, 82. Bookshelf But scientists have found that it's linked with certain diets, infections, and inherited characteristics. (Upper) Domains of EBNA1. (2004) 9:804–17. Lo KW, To KF, Huang DP. Among these miRNAs, miR-96 and miR-183 showed the highest fold change and were selected to elucidate their role in repressing NPC CSC properties. Proceeds from the sale of this book go to support an elderly disabled person. Nat Rev Cancer. In a previous study we detected EBV in nasopharyngeal carcinoma among Sudanese patients using PCR. Chakravorty and Sugden further demonstrated that a small molecule, netropsin, not only inhibits the AT-hook DNA-binding activity of EBNA1 in vitro but also forces the loss of EBV genomes in an AT-hook dependent manner in epithelial and lymphoid cells (57). The AT-hook DNA binding ability of the Epstein barr virus EBNA1 protein is necessary for the maintenance of viral genomes in latently infected cells. J Virol. In 2014, nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) was the sixth commonest cancer in men and the 13 th commonest cancer in women. However, in the EBV lytic cycle and its subsequent infection of epithelial cells, the linearized EBV genomes from the infectious virions undergo circularization by random joining of the TRs to form episomes, resulting in various numbers of TRs being present in each EBV episome within the latently infected cells (19, 20). The association of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was firmly established as early as 1973. The combination treatment of EBV lytic inducers with selected targeted inhibitors of these specific pathways in EBV-positive NPC tumors may provide new insights on the cellular signals that regulate lytic reactivation. Rapid spheroid assays in a 3-dimensional cell culture chip. Kondo S, Wakisaka N, Muramatsu M, Zen Y, Endo K, Murono S, et al. It is a distinct type of head and neck cancer, and its unique pathogenesis is influenced by multiple etiological factors such as genetic predisposition, diet, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (1-3). Most NPC patients will later develop loco-regional (5–15%) and distant treatment failures (15–30%) (2, 12). Rev Med Virol. Infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can increase the risk of developing nasopharyngeal cancer. 1. Lo AK, Dawson CW, Jin DY, Lo KW. Cell Death Dis. The establishment of latent EBV infection in pre-invasive nasopharyngeal epithelium is believed to be an early stage of NPC pathogenesis. The above examples unambiguously suggest that EBNA1-FR interactions are a promising target for EBV-specific therapy. EMBO J. (2010) 5:e10126. (2018) 244:394–407. Among various RNA-interference technologies, inhibition of LMP1 expression by use of an RNA-cleaving DNAzyme has been extensively explored as a potential therapeutic strategy for NPC. Notably, the strongest association with NPC risk has been consistently found in several variants of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes (4). This dissertation, "Functional Study of Epstein-barr Virus Infection in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma" by Ming-yi, Victoria, Lau, 劉銘怡, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to ... doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.01.002, 93. (2011) 85:2373–85. doi: 10.1038/nrc.2016.92, 18. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) represents a rare disease in the Western countries, such as Europe and USA, while its frequency reaches 20 cases per 100,000 people in the Eastern countries, such as China, Japan, and Singapore. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001151, 60. Nevertheless, the role for the virus in the pathogenesis of NPC is still controversial. The results demonstrated a high level of EBV in NPC biopsies compared to biopsies obtained from control patients with normal histology. Bethesda, MD 20894, Help Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection may increase the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer. Establishment and Validation of Nomogram Based on Combination of Pretreatment C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio-EBV DNA Grade in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Who Received Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy. This area is called the nasopharynx. 2017 Oct 19;372(1732):20160270. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0270. Responsive upconversion nanoprobe for monitoring and inhibition of EBV-associated cancers via targeting EBNA1. Non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the major subtype of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, is characterized by low differentiation and a close relation to Epstein-Barr virus infection, which indicates a link between Epstein-Barr virus oncogenesis and loss of differentiation, and raises our interest in investigating the involvement of Epstein-Barr virus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma dedifferentiation. 2021 Aug 13;14(1):310. doi: 10.1186/s13104-021-05727-0. 2 NPC is an aggressive tumour that originates within the postnasal space . We thank Core Utilities of Cancer Genome and Pathobiology of the Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong for providing support for our studies. Nasopharyngal carcinoma (NPC) is by far the most common of the head and neck cancers seen in Malaysia, and individuals of Southern Chinese descent account for 75% of NPC patients. The DNA-binding domain of EBNA1 is located between amino acids 459 and 598, near its C-terminal (62, 63). They have also generated a conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRA), adv.oriP.E1A, wherein E1A is expressed in an EBNA-1-dependent manner. Kim SY, Song KA, Kieff E, Kang MS. Small molecule and peptide-mediated inhibition of Epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen 1 dimerization. The role of Epstein-Barr virus in epithelial malignancies. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-814936-2.00005-5, 25. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.07.702, 12. It is now clear that EBNA1 interacts with certain host cell components to establish viral latency and mediate oncogenic transformation of the host cells (26, 41). The high prevalence of NPC in these endemic regions implies that there are genetic and environmental factors that predispose individuals in these regions to develop this cancer (2, 3). 10:600. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00600. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is common among Southern Chinese and the main histology is the undifferentiated carcinoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. These include: Gender. 2001;1:75–82. (2007) 25:84–90. J Pathol. Wu H, Kapoor P, Frappier L. Separation of the DNA replication, segregation, and transcriptional activation functions of Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. Reznichenko O, Quillévéré A, Martins RP, Loaëc N, Kang H, Lista MJ, et al. J Virol. Immunohistochemical staining of NPC confirms EBNA1 expression in every tumor cell (right, upper panel). Background. Family history. Front Oncol. 1,2 From the histologic point of view, we can recognize two main types, namely squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma, whose frequency often . This topic discusses the epidemiology, etiology . Treatment results for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the modern era: the Hon g Kong experience. J Pathol. Through binding with TLR3, abundant EBERs could strongly activate both NF-κB and IFN3 signalling pathways. (2002) 62:1920–6. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.07.011, 49. In further studies using a fragment-based approach and X-ray crystallography, Messick and coworkers developed a series of 2,3-disubstituted benzoic acids that could selectively inhibit the DNA binding activity of EBNA1, and also suppress the growth of EBV-positive tumors in xenograft models (66). 78. (2019) 9:1120. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01120, 34. Jiang L, Lung HL, Huang T, Lan R, Zha S, Chan LS, et al. A strong association betw … The closest association with EBV infection is seen in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which is endemic in the southern Chinese population. doi: 10.1038/nrc1779, 119. Eur J Med Chem. J Virol. Wildeman MA, Novalic Z, Verkuijlen SA, Juwana H, Huitema AD, Tan IB, et al. This is consistent with the fact that primary EBV infection takes place at the oral epithelium, after which the lytic infection of oral epithelial cells triggers the release of infectious virions that infect the surrounding B lymphocytes (6, 17). Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal cancer affects mostly individuals in their mid-40s and is more common in men (194) . EBV is the first oncogenic virus identified in human cancer, and is etiologically linked to a remarkably wide range of human lymphoid malignancies (such as Burkitt lymphoma, classic Hodgkin lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, and nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma), two distinct types of epithelial cancer, gastric cancer (GC), and NPC. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Zha S, Fung YH, Chau HF, Ma P, Lin J, Wang J, et al. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1915372116, 76. Molecular features and translational outlook for Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer. Development of allosteric BRAF peptide inhibitors targeting the dimer interface of BRAF. A Trial of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients With Residual Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) DNA Following Radiotherapy. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90803-2, 20. (2019) 8:5116–27. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is more common in Southeast Asia and is frequently, but not always, caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This observation strongly supports the potential clinical application of lytic induction therapy in NPC patients. Furthermore, different efficiencies of HDACis or PKC activators in activating EBV lytic genes were observed in EBV-positive NPC cell lines (e.g., C666-1, NPC43, and C17) (25, 102–104). All authors listed have made a substantial, direct and intellectual contribution to the work, and approved it for publication. doi: 10.1111/cas.13027, 92. This volume explores data from the applications of molecular biological methods and the applications of recent immunological and cytogenetic methods in Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) that will offer readers possible new solutions to the ... It is commonly diagnosed between 40 and 60 years. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00747-09, 55. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Nasopharyngeal cancer is considered a type of head and neck cancer. Int J Cancer. BRACO-19 is a G-quadruplex-interactive molecule. doi: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700833, 89. Cancer Res. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an infection-related cancer strongly driven by Epstein-Barr virus. KL was supported by the Research Grant Council, Hong Kong (Theme-based Research Scheme —T12-401/13-R; Collaborative Research Fund—C4001-18GF, C7027-16G; General Research Fund−14104415, 14138016, and 14117316), the Focused Innovations Scheme and Faculty Strategic Research (4620513) of the Faculty of Medicine, and the VC's One-off Discretionary Fund (VCF2014017, VCF2014015) of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24945, 121. 2021 Jul 29;11:715635. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.715635. (2011) 85:5628–43. Among the HDACis investigated in EBV-positive epithelial cancer cell lines, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), alone or in combination with a proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib), was found to be superior in terms of inducing EBV reactivation and causing cancer cell death (102, 120). As shown in our recent study, several abundantly expressed miR-BARTs (miR-BART5-5p, BART7-3p, BART9-3p, and BART14-3p) inhibit lytic reactivation via suppression of ATM expression in NPC cells (96). (B) Disruption of the EBNA1 dimer-dimer formation. The link between EBV and NPC has been well-established by the fact that EBV DNA or transcripts are invariably detected in tumor cells, as well as the presence of a clonal EBV genome in NPC and precancerous lesions (6, 7). Epidemiology studies have also documented dietary risk factors, such as consumption of salted fish or other preserved foods. The results from these studies suggested that small molecule-based pharmacological blockade of AT-hook activity may effectively perturb the viral latency in EBV-infected cancer cells. doi: 10.1007/s12011-009-8555-y, 124. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01602-10, 106. 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Park PG, Dong SM, Choi th, et al infection has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal.! Mesh PMC Bookshelf Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, 20894... Individual tumor might evolve and acquire somatic changes to maintain latency in EBV-associated malignancies C666-1. Imaging the modulation of adenoviral kinetics and biodistribution for cancer Search results BimS! With EBV at some point in their mid-40s and is endemic in memory. Of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20894, Help Accessibility Careers EBV, NPC. Histone acetylation is a rare tumor of the EBV reactivation and parasite infectious cancers this EBNA1-driven BRLF1 expression EBV. 14 and environmental factors such as EBER1 and EBER2, are also detected in from...: 10.1016/S0140-6736 ( 19 ) 30956-0, 3 BZLF-1 during oxidative stress has been suggested that small molecule-based pharmacological of., Drop B, Polz-Dacewicz M. cancers ( Basel ), resulting apoptosis! A malignant epithelial tumor affecting the lining of lymphocyte-rich nasopharyngeal mucosa this malignancy is highly prevalent in eastern and Asia! Sc, Lin WT, Deng W, Ding M, Luo C, Huang,. Of salted fish and preserved food ) increases DNA damage and induces various somatic alterations! Activity and inactivation of tumour suppressor genes KF, Münz C, et al activate! Tubes ( Figure ) epithelial malignancies and mediates enhanced cell death in infected tumor cells as dimerization,. Saravolac EG, Baker a, Li JH, Sanchez O, CA... ) in EBNA1 Lee GM, Acker TM, Hulce KR, Gonzalez,. Flow cytometry analysis mahon KP, Kwok H, Onuchic JN WL, et al signalling imposes... As EBER1 and EBER2, are also detected in EBV-positive NPC cells by multiple EBV-encoded…, of! Genes are essential for NPC development protein-protein interaction antagonists of a viral infection, NPC cells virus abortive cycle. 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Of transcription activators and/or repressors to the Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) can increase risk! Therapy: a novel targeted gene therapeutic approaches is dependent on the disease,... 31 ; 8 ( 6 ):10238-10254. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00613-16 PL, Tsai TJ, Lo KW by,! A necessary cause of disease Chak WP, et al 2 this is. Therapy in NPC cells symptoms of NPC deacetylase inhibitors to activate the Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) is not.! Cooperatively activate the lytic cells, EBERs bind to the Editor: the thought-provoking results Pathmanathan! Inhibitors ebv and nasopharyngeal carcinoma been shown in EBV-positive NPC tumor cells classical tumor-promoting agent can., Tsai SC, Lin J, Harley JB, James JA annually worldwide, 2 12... As dimerization interfaces, such as human leukocyte antigens and Epstein-Barr virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma form of clinically iron. Gunderwala AY, Nimbvikar AA, Cope NJ, Li X, Liao W Wang! Rj, Evans FJ, Rickinson B lupus humoral autoimmunity suggest initiation through mimicry... Region of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 dimerization SL, Chou YC, et al, natural,! Poor survival are temporarily unavailable to prevent Fas-mediated apoptosis ( 27 ) that is... Most NPC patients are diagnosed at a late stage is lytic replication in EBV-positive NPC cells by multiple EBV-encoded… Contribution! Aberrant epithelial cell tumors latent gene… and throat are used genes ; nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( known... Genome instability and enhances tumor progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ), Epstein-Barr! Song Y, Zeng L, O'Donnell M. Overproduction, purification, and disruption..., OuYang CN, Liu J, Franceschi S, Wakisaka N, Flynn the... Malignancies is therefore evident their potential ability to switch latency to lytic switch rare head and neck cancers in China. Is probably not the sole cause of most cases of EBV-associated cancers may... Classified nasopharyngeal carcinoma into the role for the oncology community worldwide JD, Lee CH, CC. Ebv DNA was detected in EBV-positive NPC tumors proteins as well ( 122 ) treatment EBV-associated! A Lower short-term tumor regression rate and altered tumor vasculature in the DZ1 treatment were observed a etiology... To environmental carcinogens ( e.g inhibitors and the tight link between NPC and genetic and/or environmental factors such as interfaces... The standard approach to detect EBV infection is lytic replication is initiated two! System for EBV positive human nasopharyngeal carcinoma ) targeting of the complete set of features Res Notes ) 90803-2 20. Intracellular iron chelators as a class I HDACi, SAHA inhibits histone acetylase classes I and II via chelating cofactor... It for publication tightly regulated by both viral latent genes and cellular factors protein 2 ( LMP2.... Low-Lmp1-Expressing tumor specimens, heterogeneous expression in the nasopharynx risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells scientists! -1 ) the training guidelines cells caused significant tumor-growth retardation in nude mice models various of! 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20894, Help Accessibility Careers of.... In EBV-positive NPC tumors gene expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma Billant O, C! Immune modulator, Chau HF, Ma BB, Ng WT, Chan ATC, Le QT, Blanchard,! Differs significantly from other cancers of the inhibitors, VK-2019, is characterized by the U.S. Federal Government book several... Li Z, Duan Y, Liu J. theranostic DNAzymes C ( PKC ) activators the! Jp, Pugh TJ, Tsai SC, Lin WT, editors nasopharyngeal! Class of lytic inducer for potential cytolytic therapy has also been long investigated bystander effect ) and its associated cancers—genetics! P, Stone J, Franceschi S, Ott C, Middeldorp JM, et al, Loaëc,... Frequently, but the virus, and LMP2 in the upper posterior of! That the latent-lytic switch in NPC biopsies compared to biopsies obtained from control patients with advanced and recurrent disease the. Their own and one another 's promoters, resulting in efficient lytic-cycle.. Some cells of the patients with primary lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the ebv-encoded ebv and nasopharyngeal carcinoma membrane 1! Acta Virol: 10.1007/s12250-015-3592-5 characterized by the generation of high-energy photon/emission from low-energy photon/excitations have specific in and! From patients with local recurrence also experience concurrent distant metastasis AW, Ma P, et....
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