2018 Feb;30(1):11-24. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2017.08.007. JK enquired if there was any way to “definitively” rule out the possibility of dental pathology still being associated with the pain condition. Persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP), previously termed atypical facial pain, is an excruciating disorder of the face that is often compared to trigeminal neuralgia (TN) [ 2, 3 ]. Merskey H, Bogduk N. Classification of Chronic Pain. Numb chin syndrome (mental neuropathy) due to malignancy in the mandible. etiology may remain indeterminate. 2019 May;40(Suppl 1):115-121. doi: 10.1007/s10072-019-03797-4. The atypical facial pain, and persistent idiopathic facial pain called, is a diagnosis of exclusion, which was introduced in the 1920s to a distinctive way between the trigeminal neuralgia and to have other forms of pain on his face skull area. Spontaneous descriptors of pain were not different between AFP and SFP groups (p=0.82). the differential diagnosis facial pain includes (1): trigeminal neuralgia; atypical facial pain ; trigeminal neuropathy - persistent pain; associated sensory loss ; dental causes e.g. Dement Neuropsychol. At onset, the pain may be confined to a limited area on one side of the face, while later it may spread to involve a larger area. In summary, differential diagnosis is critical to patients experiencing facial pain. Found insideThis practical, comprehensive and highly illustrated book will be invaluable to students and doctors of neurology and internal medicine in Africa. Ship JA, Grushka M, Lipton JA, Mott AE, Sessle BJ, Dionne RA. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2 Sometimes nausea, vomiting, photophobia or phonophobia, and eye changes may accompany occipital neuralgia and mimic a migraine. the differential diagnosis of atypical facial pain. Differential Diagnosis of Oral Facial Pain. Unlike TN, symptoms are persistent rather than intermittent, and the pain is usually unilateral without autonomic signs or symptoms. Challenges of Misdiagnosis and Suboptimal Treatment of Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain and Atypical Odontalgia: A Retrospective Multi-Centric Cross-Sectional Investigation. J Mass Dent Soc. Found insideThe chapters are precise, concise, and immensely readable, and I am honored to have been offered the chance to introduce them and encourage my colleagues to read them.” This is the first book on interventional management of intractable, ... 2. Atypical facial pain syndrome is one of the most misdiagnosed pain conditions. 2015 Oct;156(10):2032-2041. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000265. It has been considered to represent a psychological disorder although no specific diagnostic criteria have ever been established. Lanser P, Gesell S. Pain management: The fifth vital sign. eCollection 2018. de Siqueira SRDT, Rolim TS, Teixeira MJ, Nitrini R, Anghinah R, de Siqueira JTT. This is a must read for all who would learn about neurogenic facial pain. Differential diagnosis and treatment. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. Acute and chronic facial pain must be differentiated and it is widely accepted that chronic pain refers to pain of 3 months or greater duration. Careers. Careers. Pain of dental origin and nondental The pain may be unilateral or bilateral and does not necessarily follow the distribution of the peripheral nerves. Privacy, Help Assessment of the Short-Term Effectiveness of Kinesiotaping and Trigger Points Release Used in Functional Disorders of the Masticatory Muscles. But, the definition and the diagnostic criteria are over-simplified when we face the reality of the clinical practice. The pain is described as "persistent facial pain that does not have the characteristics of cranial neuralgias and is not attributable to another disorder". This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Sinogenic facial pain: diagnosis and management. The differential diagnosis of atypical facial pain includes post-herpetic neuralgia, Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, dental abnormalities, temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD), and benign cephalgias, such as cluster headaches. Atypical facial pain (AFP) was an umbrella term used to categorize all facial pains that didn’t mimic the classic symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia — severe pain that could last seconds or minutes and be brought on by triggers. By continuing to browse this site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Differential diagnosis and treatment. This review emphasizes those facial pains in which examination of the patient is normal or nonspecific, and the cause is not obvious. It generally occurs in one side of the face, and symptoms are present for most of the day, every day. J Med Case Rep. 2021 Jul 1;15(1):337. doi: 10.1186/s13256-021-02888-1. Healthc Benchmarks 2001;8:68-70. Found inside – Page 313Atypical facial pain Large numbers of patients present with atypical facial pain, which is symptomatic ofa psychological illness. The pain is described as ... Oral infections and orofacial pain in Alzheimer's disease: Case report and review. Allodynia was frequent in SFP (p=0.05) and emotion was the triggering factor most prevalent in AFP (p=0.06). Fillingim RB, Wallace MR, Herbstman DM, Ribeiro-Dasilva M, Staud R. Oral Dis. Found insideEvidence-Based Interventional Pain Medicine focuses on a balance between effectiveness and safety of interventional management for specific diagnoses, across all areas of chronic pain including: Head, neck and shoulder pain Lower back pain ... Lipton et al. MeSH Goldthorpe J, Peters S, Lovell K, McGowan L, Aggarwal V. Br Dent J. The purpose of this article is to discuss those forms of facial pain known to be the most difficult to treat: anesthesia dolorosa, atypical facial pain, and postherpetic neuralgia. Presenting real-life cases – covering conditions including diabetic and idiopathic polyneuropathies, focal neuropathies, multiple sclerosis and headache disorders – this book provides neurologists, neurosurgeons, pain clinic specialists ... Recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy. Diagnosis The first step in diagnosing atypical facial pain is a neurological examination. Atypical facial pain (ATFP), recently defined as persistent idiopathic facial pain by the revision of the Classification of the International Headache Society (IHS), is a poorly understood condition, which still lacks clear diagnostic criteria and proper treatment. Finally, a patient may have manifest severe psychological problems as facial pain. Madland G, Newton-John T, Feinmann C. Chronic idiopathic orofacial pain: I: What is the evidence base? The book provides vital diagnostic information in a convenient tabular format that leaves no stone unturned in considering the rarer possibilities, and is enormously helpful in achieving an accurate diagnosis. Persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP), previously called “atypical facial pain”, is a diagnostic entity that describes chronic facial pain without evidence of structural or other specific causes of pain. J Pain Res. Turbinate hypertrophy — nasal obstruction is the predominant symptom. Atypical facial pain: Is it still a diagnostic wastebasket? Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, participants should be able to: Explain the diagnostic criteria for Atypical Facial Pain (AFP) Recognize other conditions which can mimic AFP Health care professionals, such as dentists, neurologists, physicians as well as students will find this volume helpful and valuable for an advanced understanding of the diverse orofacial pain conditions and for the improvement of patient ... Thoroughly revised to reflect contemporary diagnostics and treatment, this Third Edition is a comprehensive and practical reference on the assessment and management of acute and chronic pain. MeSH Bookshelf google_ad_client = "pub-8451019964492775"; Agostoni E, Frigerio R, Santoro P. Atypical facial pain: Clinical considerations and differential diagnosis. Lietz-Kijak D, Kopacz Ł, Ardan R, Grzegocka M, Kijak E. Pain Res Manag. This activity defines atypical facial pain (AFP), explore the differential diagnosis, and various therapeutic options. Patients with facial pain secondary to acute sinusitis have coexisting symptoms such as nasal obstruction, hyposmia, or purulent nasal discharge and have endoscopic signs of … google_ad_format = "160x600_as"; Despite the notorious unreliability of such retrospective reports, these attributions have led to the suggestion that chronic facial pain may be a deafferentation syndrome (compare phantom tooth pain). He described the pain as extremely intense, stabbing along the right jaw, lasting 5–60 seconds. The diagnosis and management of facial pain below the eye can be very different dependant on whether the patient visits a dentist or medical practitioner. The monograph promotes a comprehensive and logical model of managing chronic orofacial pain. Nasri-Heir C, Khan J, Benoliel R, Feng C, Yarnitsky D, Kuo F, Hirschberg C, Hartwell G, Huang CY, Heir G, Korczeniewska O, Diehl SR, Eliav E. Pain. Conclusion: The differential diagnosis of facial pain is extensive and includes potentially sinister, as well as other treatable underlying etiologies, consequently, a thorough diagnostic evaluation should be performed when the cause is not clear from the history or … Ludwig’s angina (retropharyngeal infection) Gouda JJ(1), Brown JA. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Migraine Differential diagnosis of facial pain and guidelines for management. google_color_link = "cc6601"; Differential diagnosis of pain in the face as the presenting complaint can be difficult. ... Santoro P. Atypical facial pain: clinical considerations and differential diagnosis. Genetic contributions to pain: a review of findings in humans. Knowledge of each differential diagnosis is important to any neurosurgeon who treats facial pain. This text is a comprehensive guide to the evaluation of patients with head and face pain. Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India, Correspondence Address:Ujwala R NewadkarDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, ACPM Dental College, Dhule - 424 003. The book will serve as a useful guide for dental practitioners, specialists in orofacial pain, trainee pain specialists, neurologists with an interest in pain, specialist pain nurses, as well as general medical practitioners. google_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; This pain was exacerbated by chewing, and to a lesser degree, by brushing his teeth. A novel method to treat recurrent facial pain: a case report. 2018 May 10;2018:5464985. doi: 10.1155/2018/5464985. Neurol Sci. The differential diagnosis of toothache from other orofacial pains in clinical practice J Linn,* I Trantor,* N Teo,† R Thanigaivel,† AN Goss‡ Background: Teeth are a common and obvious source of orofacial pain. Method: Found insideThis book provides a focussed guide for exam candidates. More than a question and answer book, this book is a coaching manual. This book consists of eight chapters by authors who would like to share their experiences and researches on pathological conditions related to the temporomandibular joint. , Atypical facial pain (AFP) is a diagnosis of exclusion for pain not meeting the diagnostic criteria of other facial pain problems. 1997; 8(1):87-100 (ISSN: 1042-3680) Gouda JJ; Brown JA. Differential Diagnosis Acute rhinosinusitis. The pain was so intense that he avoided eating when possible, leading to a 20-pound weight loss. Endodontics is the prevention, diagnosis and management of diseases of the tooth pulp and the tissues surrounding the root of a tooth. This new edition is a complete guide to endodontics for dental students. Neuropathic pain, most commonly described as electric shock-like pain, may mimic TMD symptoms. There is a risk that endodontic treatment may be initiated in patients that do … A consultation visit may be advised to determine whether or not root canal treatment is indicated. google_color_url = "000000"; Several tests along with radiographic interpretation will be used to determine the diagnosis, or the condition. The results can reveal if an abnormal blood vessel is pressing on a nerve and is the source of the facial pain. 1992 Dec;89(4):239-48. 8600 Rockville Pike Abstract: In the differential diagnoses of facial pain, it is useful to consider the psychogenic types and then the sites of dysfunction or disease. But, the definition and the diagnostic criteria are over-simplified when we face the reality of the clinical practice. described that an estimated 22% of the general population experience orofacial pain given over a period of 6 months. A structure for accurate diagnosis is proposed beginning with a very careful history. 2009 Nov-Dec;9(6):443-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00332.x. Br J Anaesth. Accessibility OBJECTIVE: This article discusses the differential diagnosis of facial pain and presents three cases of atypical facial pain. Chronic pain is more prevalent in the head and neck region than other parts of the body. The pain is confined at onset to a limited area on one side of the face, often in the nasolabial fold or side of the chin and may spread to the upper or lower jaw or a wider area of the face of neck and is deep and poorly localised. 2011;38:396-400,402-403,405-406. Persistent idiopathic facial pain responsive to topiramate. Check the full list of possible causes and conditions now! Found insideThis issue of Dental Clinics of North America focuses on Oral Diseases for the General Dentist, and is edited by Drs. Orrett Ogle and Arvind Babu Rajendra Santosh. Check the full list of possible causes and conditions now! 1 Causes of facial pain are listed in Box 1. Introduction to orofacial pain -- General assessment of the orofacial pain patient -- Diagnostic classification of orofacial pain -- Vascular and nonvascular intracranial causes of orofacial pain -- Primary headache disorders -- Neuropathic ... Idiopathic facial pain; Atypical facial pain. 8600 Rockville Pike Differential diagnosis of the pain in orofacial system. Unilateral recurrent periorbital pain: the role of the neuro-ophthalmologist. Reflections on the nosology of cranio-facial pain syndromes. In addition, patients may also describe chronic burning pain, which may be associated with the condition persistent idiopathic facial pain, or atypical … Diagnosis is made with formal neuropsychologic evaluation. The most common signs and symptoms of giant cell arteritis are temporal headache, jaw claudication and tenderness, and swelling of the temporal artery. with the past 16 years limited to the diagnosis and treatment of facial pain disorders, I have only seen approximately 20 actual cases of TTN, but have diagnosed several hundred cases of the atypical type. Doesn't follow anatomical pattern and may be bilateral. Often initiated or exacerbated by dental treatment . 2013;111(1):95–104. How to treat facial pain Doesn't awake patient. Even though the ear is the source of most ear pain, the atypical earache is … Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. //-->. Thus, lung cancer should be included in the differential diagnosis of facial pain that is atypical and/or refractory to treatment. Review Summary: In this article, we summarize the clinical features, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation and current therapies of trigeminal neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia, dental root pain, temporomandibular dysfunction and facial pain of unknown origin (atypical facial pain). Agostoni E, Frigerio R, Santoro P. Atypical facial pain: clinical considerations and differential diagnosis. Objective: To evaluate a sample of patients with atypical facial pain (AFP) in comparison to patients with symptomatic facial pain (SFP). Differences and similarities between atypical facial pain and trigeminal neuropathic pain. This new edition is a quick reference for the dental professional managing the orofacial pain patient, focusing on the differential diagnoses and current therapies. Because diagnosing orofacial pain can be a challenge, the book describes the appropriate history-taking methods, detailed examinations, and relevant tests that will help clinicians to work through the differential diagnosis. Pfaffenrath V, Rath M, Keeser W, Pöllmann W. Neurol Sci. A diagnosis of ATFP generally follows a process of elimination. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008 Jul;28(7):752-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01586.x. Laboratory investigations including X-ray of face and jaws do not demonstrate relevant abnormality. Burning mouth syndrome: An update. AFP patients had more: a) traumatic events previously to pain onset, and b) emotions as a triggering factor for pain. It is imperative to arrive at a proper diagnosis as atypical facial pain is a diagnosis of exclusion. The International Classification of Headache Disorders: accurate diagnosis of orofacial pain? However, it is most associated with trigeminal neuralgia. The pain is described as "persistent facial pain that does not have the characteristics of cranial neuralgias and is not attributable to another disorder". It is a pain that is continuously present, has a dull, oppressive character and usually occurs on one side. Found insideWritten by Steven Waldman, MD, a leading author in the specialty of pain medicine, this book gives you exactly what you need – an easily understandable, targeted review of the essential basic science; beautifully illustrated, full-color ... PIFP is the current terminology for Atypical Facial Pain and is characterized by daily or near daily pain that is initially confined but may subsequently spread. Forssell H, Tenovuo O, Silvoniemi P, Jääskeläinen SK. Often initiated or exacerbated by dental treatment . Consider the following typical conditions that can cause oral and facial pain as you develop your differential diagnosis. Lehmann HJ, Buchholz G. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr, 54(5):154-157, 01 May 1986 Cited by: 2 articles | PMID: 3732984 1 Yet this type of pain can be difficult to diagnose due to the many structures of the face and mouth, pain referral patterns, and insufficient diagnostic tools. Diagnosis of ATFP is therefore, usually, a process of elimination. google_ad_type = "text_image"; A targeted history and an accurate examination are crucial to correctly classify this facial pain. Doesn't follow anatomical pattern and may be bilateral. Israel HA, Ward JD, Horrell B, Scrivani SJ. Atypical Facial Pain & Cheek Pain Symptom Checker: Possible causes include Chronic Sinusitis. Pain may be initiated by operation or injury to face, teeth or gums but persists without any demonstrable local cause. PMC It is more rare to diagnose such a person with trigeminal neuralgia, and these psychological manifestations are called somatoform disorders. We propose an approach based Most of the data clearly indicate that PIFP is a rare disorder. Keywords: Atypical odontalgia, AO, phantom tooth pain, differential diagnosis, treatment, amitriptyline, tricyclic antidepressants Citation: Melis M, Secci S. Diagnosis and Treatment of Atypical Odontalgia: A Review of the Literature and Two Case Reports. Chronic oral and facial pain syndromes are an indication for intervention of physicians of numerous medical specialties, while the complex nature of these complaints warrants interdisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach. 2008 Nov;14(8):673-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2008.01458.x. The involvement of sympathetic system in its causation or sustenance is uncertain. Differential diagnosis of pain in the face as the presenting complaint can be difficult. Knowledge of each differential diagnosis of prosopalgia is important to any neurosurgeon who treats facial pain. 3. Bethesda, MD 20894, Copyright google_color_border = "FFFFFF"; Box 3. tiology may remain indeterminate. Bookshelf Most frequently described as deep , constant ache or burning . This manual is designed to enhance the dentist's ability to efficiently evaluate and treat patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Affect maxilla more than mandible. Concentrates on the conditions which are likely to appear in general dental practice, alerts the dentist to where onward referral is needed, and will provide the dental team with valuable guidance on an area where they may be the first to ... A targeted history and an accurate examination are crucial to correct-ly classify this facial pain. The diagnosis of atypical facial pain is made after more common causes are excluded. Hunter S. Atypical facial pain - rewarding to treat. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Differentiating dental pain from trigeminal neuralgia or other types of atypical facial pain can be difficult. + "&publicationDate=" + encodeURI ('Jan 1 2015 12:00AM') + "&author=" + encodeURI ('Newadkar UR') + "&contentID=" + encodeURI ('IndianJPain_2015_29_1_1_145900') + "&orderBeanReset=true" Even though the ear is the source of most ear pain, the atypical earache is a fairly common adult occurrence in medical practices. The authors include surgeons with considerable experience in the field who have previously published on the subject. This book will serve as an ideal clinical reference for surgeons with patients who sustain trigeminal nerve injuries. Facial pain in TMJ or facial pain in muscles of mastication. 2020 Nov 10;13:2853-2860. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S269329. Slightly more common in females. In general, however, according to the IHS criteria, a diagnosis of ATFP is possible when the pain in the face is present daily and persists for most or all of the day. Majority of cases involve cranial nerves V2 (maxillary nerve) or V3 (mandibular nerve). 2018. google_ad_width = 160; Looking for abbreviations of ATFP? Advice is given on which conditions are minor, and which could signify more serious underlying disease. The ABC of Oral Health will be an invaluable reference for GPs, practice nurses, and all those involved in oral health care. The American Academy of Neurology developed a classification and diagnostic grading system that classifies TN in three etiology categories: Headache,tinnitus,visual changes and other neurologic complaints may also accompany TMDs Migraine typically presents as an … In: Zenz M, Jurna I, editors. Nearly a quarter of patients in a British primary care study (2504 adult patients) reported orofacial pain. This book focuses on both the management of the pain as well as the pain patient and is formatted as a practical, evidence-based guide to managing chronic pain conditions. Patients often attribute their pain to an antecedent event such as a dental procedure, or minor trauma to the face. Neurology. 1986 Fall;35(4):169-72, 200-2. Atypical odontalgia is similar in nature to AFP, but the latter term generally is used where the pain is confined to the teeth or gums, and AFP when the pain involves other parts of the face. Other sources use atypical odontalgia and AFP as synonyms, or describe atypical odontalgia as a sub-type, variant, or intra-oral equivalent of AFP. A recent study showed that in 87% of cases, facial pain was due to dental causes or diseases of the oral mucosa. Atypical facial pain - How is atypical facial pain abbreviated? 1 The pain may be musculoskeletal, dental, neural, or sinogenic in origin. This text offers students, residents, and practitioners a systematic approach to differential diagnosis of symptoms and signs seen by primary care physicians. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft; 1993. p. 405-16. https://www.indianjpain.org/text.asp?2015/29/1/1/145900, © Indian Journal of Pain | Published by Wolters Kluwer -. Zebenholzer K, Wöber C, Vigl M, Wessely P, Wöber-Bingöl C. Cephalalgia. Review Summary: In this article, we summarize the clinical features, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation and current therapies of trigeminal neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia, dental root pain, temporomandibular dysfunction and facial pain of unknown origin (atypical facial pain). The physician will try to rule out similar conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia, temporomandibular joint syndrome, migraines and cluster headaches. Atypical-facial-pain-tachycardia Symptom Checker: Possible causes include Sphenopalatine Neuralgia. Silvia Regina Dowgan Tesseroli de Siqueira. 2003 Jun;61(6):662-7. doi: 10.1053/joms.2003.50133. Atypical Facial Pain. Knowledge of each differential diagnosis of prosopalgia is important to any neurosurgeon who treats facial pain. Edited by internationally recognized pain experts, this book offers 73 clinically relevant cases, accompanied by discussion in a question-and-answer format. Differential diagnosis includes various forms of pain ranging from dental, non-dental and neuropathic origin. This book, written by world authorities in the field, is a comprehensive, up-to-date guide to the specialty of Oral Medicine, which is concerned with the diagnosis, prevention, and predominantly non-surgical management of medically related ... Differential Diagnosis for Orofacial Pain, Including Sinusitis, TMD, Trigeminal Neuralgia Abstract: Correct diagnosis is the key to managing facial pain of non-dental origin. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Diagnostic aspects of a well-demarcated form of masked depression]. Neurol Sci 2005;26 Suppl 2:s71-4. The Handbook of Atypical Parkinsonism is a comprehensive survey of all diseases of this category, providing an authoritative guide to the recognition, diagnosis and management of these disorders. Atypical facial pain (ATFP), recently defined as persistent idiopathic facial pain by the revision of the Classification of the International Headache Society (IHS), is a poorly understood condition, which still lacks clear diagnostic criteria and proper treatment. Would you like email updates of new search results? 2015 May;36 Suppl 1:85-8. doi: 10.1007/s10072-015-2167-4. From the examination, we suggested that the differential diagnosis is likely topped by an Atypical Facial Neuralgia (AFP). Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Found inside – Page 162To review the differential diagnosis of atypical facial pain . To summarize management guidelines for patients with atypical facial pain . This is the standard TMJ/Oral Surgery reference! Two distinguished editors combine their knowledge and that of their contributing authors to produce an authoritative TMJ reference based on sound scientific principles. Middle ear disease 3. Neurological – upper motor neurone lesion: cerebrovascular accident – lower motor neurone lesion: e.g. In recent years, however, AFP has come to describe facial pain … 5. Prevention and treatment information (HHS). It is more common in women, and the mean age of onset The authors draw together evidence from a wide range of sources in order to present a comprehensive description of orofacial pain and provide understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of orofacial pains in order to enhance ... Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Differential Diagnosis for Oral and Facial Pain. AFP patients had more traumatic events previously to pain (p=0.001). Objective: google_ad_channel ="3527722343"; google_ad_height = 600; Author information: (1)Department of Neurological Surgery, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, USA. 10. A If no attributing factors such as infection, inflammation or other pathology detected, then the differential diagnoses should include phantom tooth pain. Haanpää M, Attal N, Backonja M, Baron R, Bennett M, Bouhassira D. Sprotte G. Gesichtsschmerz. Many different disorders may be included in this diagnostic category, making differential diagnosis very complex. Bell’spalsy, Lyme disease, HIV, other viral neuropathies 2. google_color_text = "000000"; Other conditions: Lyme Disease, Eagle syndrome, Post-stroke pain, etc. Found inside – Page 37DIFFERENTIAL. DIAGNOSIS. The clinical symptoms of atypical facial pain may be confused with pain of dental or sinus origin or may be erroneously ... Diagnosis. ATFP - atypical facial pain. Evaluation of Pain Syndromes, Headache, and Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in Children.
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